This command traces what are the hops in between two hosts. Accordingly, to pinpoint where it occurs, we can use the traceroutecommand. If we see messages like “destination host unreachable”, we know that we have some issue with the routing discovery to that host. Like the famous Ping of Death attack, targeting a packet fragmentation bug, where a multimillion-dollar machine could be brought down by a single command as simple as: # ping -s 65535 Įven though these attacks have few vulnerable targets nowadays, ICMP control messages are extensively used by prospective attackers to map networks and potential targets. On a side note, the options -f and -s had some history of being abused by DoS (Denial of Service attacks). As a matter of fact, we should never use the -f option to probe other parties’ systems, as it is considered spurious traffic and may be understood as malicious. The command with the -f (fastest packet rate possible) and -s (packet payload size) options set, generates higher loads, and the -f option is restricted to superuser only. Common Applications of pingįor the purpose of estimating latency and data loss, sometimes we need a large number of packets, and bigger payloads, as in: # sudo ping -f -c 579 -s 1460 10.1.1.1 The current version of the ping command has a large number of options, we can see them all using the command ping -h. while probing the IP 1.1.1.1 with 10 packets, we had 0% packet loss and an average round-trip time of 64 milliseconds, with 86 milliseconds mean standard deviation. The parameter -c is used to specify how many probe packets will be sent. That way, we can use: # ping -c 10 1.1.1.1 To summarize, this is basically the equivalent of wanting to write every number 1 to 100, but instead of writing out every number individually, instead you write 1, 2, 3.If that does not occur at a specific time, it issues “Request timed out” messages as a result.įor instance, to check if there is connectivity between two hosts and to check their communication latency (one of ping‘s output is the round-trip time – RTT) and packet loss. This two-colon replacement may only be applied once inĪn address, because multiple occurrences would create an ambiguous If you'd like screenshots, a guide from Microsoft can be found here: link.Īdditionally, you may also want to take a look at the Wikipedia Page for IPv6, specifically, Presentation:
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